ABSTRACT
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is a haematological malignancy with various etiological factors and one among them is Epstein Barr Virus. The expression of Epstein-Barr virus in Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma can be identified by immunohistochemistry for detection of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein (LMP-1). In our study, we are trying to clarify the extent of expression LMP-1 in our population. This can be used as a prognostic marker and for therapeutic interventions targeting EBV encoded proteins. We wanted to determine the proportion of LMP1 (EBV marker) expression in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and evaluate the association of LMP1 expression in B cell and T cell type of NHL.METHODSThis is a cross sectional analytical study conducted at Department of Pathology, Govt. Medical College, Kottayam, from December 2017 to May 2019. A total of 67 cases were studied. All of them were histopathologically diagnosed Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma specimens received in the Department of Pathology, Govt. Medical College, Kottayam, during the study period of 18 months. NHL was subtyped into B cell type and T cell type. LMP-1 immunohistochemistry was done on all cases to assess its expression. Then analysis was done using SPSS software and strength of association between LMP 1 positivity and cell type was calculated using Chi square test and Fisher’s exact test.RESULTSMean age of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is 57.82 +/- 7.4 in this study. Minimum age is 2 years and maximum age is 89 years. The present study had 10.4 % LMP 1 positive cases. Of which there were 6% moderately stained positive cases, 3% of weakly stained cases and 1.5% cases of intensely stained cases. Among NHL 86.6% cases were B cell lymphoma and 13.4% cases of T cell lymphoma. And they had a LMP 1 positivity of 10.3% and 11.1 % respectively. But there was no significant association between LMP 1 positivity and cell type according to our study.CONCLUSIONSThe present study was done to determine the proportion of LMP 1 expression in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and to find out whether there is any association between LMP1 expression in B cell and T cell type of NHL. LMP 1 was positive in 10.4% of NHL and there was no association between LMP 1 positivity in B cell and T cell Lymphoma. This suggest that EBV might play a role in pathogenesis of NHL.
ABSTRACT
In cases of sudden death, myocarditis is not an unusual finding especially when communicable diseases of viral origin are on the rise. Detection of myocarditis poises a diagnostic challenge to clinicians due to the absence of specific symptoms and there is a possibility of this being masqueraded as myocardial infarction. Examination of autopsy specimens are of utmost importance to detect the underlying etiology. For diagnosis of myocarditis histopathological examination of cardiac tissue is the gold standard. This is carried out based on Dallas criteria.Aim- This study was done to assess the, gross and histopathology findings in myocarditis in post mortem specimens in a tertiary care hospital in Kerala over a span of 4 years.METHODSThis is a descriptive observational study. All cases of Myocarditis diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, Medical College, Kottayam during the period of 4 years from January 2012 to December 2015 were included. Age distribution, gross and histopathologic findings were studied using the registers, post mortem specimens and histopathology slides in the department. Immunohistochemical studies were done in paraffin blocks of all newly diagnosed cases of myocarditis and some previously diagnosed cases the data was analyzed using SPSS.RESULTSWe received a total of 82 cases of myocarditis. The age distribution ranged from 75 days to 83 years. There was greater predilection for males accounting for 62% of cases. Inflammation was found in all cases and the predominant inflammatory cells were lymphocytes seen in 73% of cases. Myocyte necrosis was found in majority of the cases (98%).CONCLUSIONSMyocarditis was found to be an important cause of sudden death accounting for 0.15%.The age group affected was more in the 3rd and 4thdecade,which was comparable with other similar studies. Viral myocarditis constituted the majority of cases and mononuclear inflammation was seen in myocardium. Myocarditis was seen as part of systemic inflammation in 70% of cases. Application of Dallas criteria was helpful in diagnosis but correlation with clinical details and meticulous examination of coronaries are also needed to exclude conditions which may mimic myocarditis.